Originality & Plagiarism
Authors must submit only original work. Plagiarism in any form — including self-plagiarism, paraphrasing without citation, or idea theft — is strictly prohibited. All sources and prior works must be properly cited and acknowledged.
Data Accuracy & Integrity
Authors are responsible for the accuracy of all reported data, statistics, and findings. Fabrication, falsification, or selective reporting of results constitutes a serious violation of research ethics and will result in rejection or retraction.
Authorship Criteria
All listed authors must have made a genuine intellectual contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. Honorary or ghost authorship is not acceptable. Any changes to authorship after submission require formal editorial approval.
Conflict of Interest Disclosure
Authors must transparently disclose any financial, professional, or personal interests that could appear to influence the findings or interpretation of their research. All funding sources and support must be declared in the manuscript's acknowledgements section.
No Multiple Simultaneous Submission
Submitting the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal is unethical and unacceptable. Authors must confirm in their cover letter that their work is not under review elsewhere and has not been previously published in any form.
Ethical Approval for Research
Research involving human subjects, animals, or sensitive data must have received appropriate ethical clearance from the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee. This clearance must be stated and referenced clearly within the manuscript.
Corrections & Retractions
If authors discover significant errors or inaccuracies in their published work, they have an obligation to notify the editor promptly and cooperate in issuing corrections, errata notices, or retractions as appropriate.